 Abstract
WW are small modular domains of 38-40 residues long that mediate protein-protein interaction through binding of short proline rich regions within proteins. WW domain-containing proteins are involved in many cellular processes such as ubiquitin mediated protein degradation and mitotic regulation and they are also implicated directly or indirectly in several human diseases such as muscular distrophy and Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. Based on their ligand specificity, the WW domains can be devided in five class. Group I WW domains bind proteins containing the PPXY motif, while the group II recognizes the PPLP motif. Group IV recognition is serine-phosphorylation dependent.
Selected references
| Kato Y, Ito M, Kawai K, Nagata K, Tanokura M | | Determinants of ligand specificity in groups I and IV WW domains as
studied by surface plasmon resonance and model building. | | J Biol Chem 2002 Mar 22;277(12) : 10173-7. | | PMID: 11751914 |
| Lu PJ, Zhou XZ, Shen M, Lu KP | | Function of WW domains as phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-binding
modules. | | Science 1999 Feb 26;283(5406) : 1325-8. | | PMID: 10037602 |
| Morris DP, Phatnani HP, Greenleaf AL | | Phospho-carboxyl-terminal domain binding and the role of a prolyl
isomerase in pre-mRNA 3'-End formation. | | J Biol Chem 1999 Oct 29;274(44) : 31583-7. | | PMID: 10531363 |
| Myers JK, Morris DP, Greenleaf AL, Oas TG | | Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II CTD fragments results in tight
binding to the WW domain from the yeast prolyl isomerase Ess1. | | Biochemistry 2001 Jul 24;40(29) : 8479-86. | | PMID: 11456485 |
This ELM has been assigned the following Gene Ontology (GO) terms for biological process, cellular component and molecular function.
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Biological Process |
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start control point of mitotic cell cycle
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transcription from Pol II promoter
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cell cycle control
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cell proliferation
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mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
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regulation of mitosis
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Cellular Component |
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cytosol |
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nucleus |
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Molecular Function |
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DNA-directed RNA polymerase II |
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DNA binding |
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protein kinase |
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