The Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource for
Functional Sites in Proteins
07 Oct 2024

ELM database updates

DOC_TBK1_STING_1 motif involved in mediating innate immunity and inflammation has been released.
18 Oct 2023

ELM database updates

In a huge update, nine new ELM classes
DEG_Cend_DCAF12_1
DEG_Cend_KLHDC2_1
DOC_CYCLIN_RevRxL_6
DOC_PUB_PIM_1
LIG_CtBP_RRT_2
LIG_SH3_PxxxRxxKP_6
LIG_SH3_PxRPPK_7
LIG_SH3_PxxPPRxxK_8
LIG_RBL1_LxSxE_2
have been released. Further, five classes
DOC_PP2B_LxvP_1
DOC_PP2B_PxIxIT_1
LIG_RB_LxCxE_1
LIG_RB_pABgroove_1
LIG_SH3_PxxDY_5
have been substantially revised with ~70 new instances.
01 Jul 2021

ELM database updates

In this release, three new classes LIG_TRAF3_MATH_PxP_3, LIG_MSH2_SHIPbox_1 and MOD_AAK1BIKe_LxxQxTG_1 have been added. Also, two existing TRAF classes have been comprehensively revised - LIG_TRAF2like_MATH_shPxQ_1 (previously LIG_TRAF2_1) and LIG_TRAF2like_MATH_loPxQ_2 (previously LIG_TRAF2_2).
30 Aug 2021

ELM database updates

In a huge update, 13 new ELM classes
DOC_CDC14_PxL_1
DOC_CYCLIN_yClb3_PxF_3
DOC_MIT_MIM_1
LIG_Integrin_KxxGD_FGGC_5
LIG_RuBisCO_WRxxL_1
LIG_SH3_CIN85_PxpxPR_1
MOD_CDC14_SPxK_1
TRG_DiLeu_BaEn_1
TRG_DiLeu_BaEn_2
TRG_DiLeu_BaEn_3
TRG_DiLeu_BaEn_4
TRG_DiLeu_BaLyEn_6
TRG_DiLeu_LyEn_5
have been added and two
LIG_LIR_Gen_1
LIG_LIR_Nem_3
have been revised. Two entries
TRG_LysEnd_APsAcLL_1 and
TRG_LysEnd_APsAcLL_3
have been deleted.
06 Sep 2023

ELM database updates

In a major addition seven new classes DEG_Cend_TRIM7_1, DEG_Cend_FEM1B_2, DEG_Cend_FEM1AC_1, LIG_Trf4_IWRxY_1, LIG_MTR4_AIM_1, LIG_IRF7_LxLS_2 and LIG_FERM_MyoX_1 have been added. Three classes, LIG_Nrd1CID_NIM_1, LIG_IRFs_LxIS_1 and LIG_SH2_NCK_1 have been updated.

21 Jul 2021

ELM database updates

In another major addition, Seven new classes DEG_SCF_FBXO31_1, DOC_CYCLIN_yClb1_LxF_4, LIG_ActinCP_CPI_1, LIG_ActinCP_TwfCPI_2, LIG_Integrin_RGD_TGFB_3, LIG_Integrin_RGDW_4, and LIG_WRC_WIRS_1 have been released.
A total of 80 instances belonging to these classes have been inserted.
18 Aug 2023

ELM database updates

Three new ELM classes LIG_ARS2_EDGEI_1, MOD_LOK_YxT_1 and TRG_NESrev_CRM1_2 have been added. MOD_PIKK_1 has been updated with 18 new instances.
30 Jun 2023

ELM database updates

Two new classes DEG_CRBN_cyclicCter_1 and TRG_Oom_RxLR_1 have been added to the database.

13 Jun 2023

ELM database updates

Protein degradation systems got more coverage in ELM. Four new classes LIG_VCP_SHPBox_1, LIG_VCP_VIM_2, LIG_VCP_VBM_3 and DEG_Kelch_KLHL12_1 added in database. In addition, several new instances have been added to DEG_APCC_DBOX_1 entry.
26 May 2023

ELM database updates

ELM now includes more Synapse proteins. New classes LIG_Arc_Nlobe_1 has been added. LIG_CaMK_CASK_1 has been substantially revised and updated to include the latest knowledge.
11 Apr 2023

ELM database updates

ELM classes MOD_NEK2_1 and MOD_NEK2_2 have been revised and updated to represent stricter and tolerant NEK2 site motif preferences, respectively.
20 Feb 2023

ELM database updates

Two new classes LIG_LEDGF_IBM_1 and LIG_Menin_MBM1_1 have been added to the database.

26 Oct 2022

ELM database updates

One new class LIG_TRAF4_MATH_1 added to the database. LIG_TRAF6 has been changed to LIG_TRAF6_MATH_1, the motif has been revised and several new instances added.

09 Aug 2019

ELM database updates

New ELM classes and their instances have been added:
LIG_deltaCOP1_diTrp_1
LIG_FXI_DFP_1
LIG_MLH1_MIPbox_1
TRG_Pf-PMV_PEXEL_1
28 Aug 2018

ELM database update

Added 9 new instances for DOC_CYCLIN_RxL_1
02 Aug 2018

ELM database update

Added a new motif: LIG_PROFILIN_1,
and new instances for MOD_CAAXbox and MOD_CDK_SPxK_1
06 Aug 2018

ELM database update

Updated the motif DOC_CYCLIN_RxL_1 and 19 motif instances
26 Jun 2018

ELM database update

22 New Fungal instances added for MOD_Plk_1
27 Jun 2017

ELM database update

New instances added for LIG_Vh1_VBS_1
21 Nov 2016

ELM Database Update

We have updated several MOD_CDK motifs and added new instances:
MOD_CDK_1 is now: MOD_CDK_SPxK_1, and MOD_CDK_SPK_2 MOD_CDK_SPxxxK_3 have been added.
11 Nov 2016

ELM database update

Several new ELM classes and instances have been added:
LIG_BH_BH3_1
DEG_COP1_1
24 Oct 2016

ELM database update

The class DOC_PP2A_KARD_1 has been replaced by DOC_PP2A_B56_1, and new instances have been added.
16 Mar 2017

<span style="color:orange">Just published in Science Signaling: A review on <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aak9982" >Degrons in Cancer</a></span>

 
19 Sep 2016

ELM database update

Several new ELM classes and instances have been added:

LIG_CSK_EPIYA_1
LIG_Rb_LxCxE_1
DOC_MAPK_JIP1_4
DOC_MAPK_NFAT4_5

21 Jun 2016

ELM database update

Several new ELM classes and instances have been added:

DOC_MAPK_RevD_3
LIG_ANK_PxLPxL_1
LIG_CSL_BTD_1
LIG_G3BP_FGDF_1
LIG_KLC1_TPR_1
LIG_PALB2_WD40_1
LIG_UFM1_UFIM_1

These ELM classes have been updated:

LIG_Mtr4_Trf4_2
LIG_Pex14_4
LIG_LIR_Apic_2
LIG_APCC_Cbox_2
LIG_APCC_Cbox_1
LIG_SUMO_SIM_par_1
LIG_CAP-Gly_2
DOC_MAPK_FxFP_2
DOC_MAPK_gen_1
CLV_PCSK_KEX2_1
21 Jun 2016

ELM classes 14-3-3 have been merged

Some of the oldest entries in the database have been updated. They had been proven to be difficult and it took quite an effort to sort these out. Finally, we can announce that the classes
LIG_14-3-3_1 and LIG_14-3-3_2
have been merged into
LIG_14-3-3_CanoR_1, LIG_14-3-3_3 has been dropped and a C-terminal class has been added: LIG_14-3-3_CterR_2
14 Oct 2016

<span style="color:orange"><b>New graduate opportunities in the PDZnet Training Network!</b></span> <a href="http://pdznet.eu" >Find out more</a>
30 Nov 2015

ELM update paper published

All the latest updates and improvements have been written up in the latest ELM paper (26615199)
02 Nov 2015

ELM database update

The following elm classes have been added to the database:
LIG_GSK3_LRP6_1
LIG_FZD_DVL_PDZ
LIG_LRP6_Inhibitor_1
LIG_DCNL_PONY_1
LIG_UBA3_1
DOC_USP7_UBL2_3

Many new instances & interactions have been added, too.
14 Aug 2015

ELM database update

The following elm classes have been added to the database:
DEG_Kelch_actinfilin_1,
DEG_Kelch_Keap1_1,
DEG_Kelch_Keap1_2,
DEG_Kelch_KLHL3_1,
DEG_Nend_Nbox_1,
DEG_Nend_UBRbox_1,
DEG_Nend_UBRbox_2,
DEG_Nend_UBRbox_3,
DEG_Nend_UBRbox_4,
DEG_SPOP_SBC_1,
DOC_GSK3_Axin_1,
LIG_CID_NIM_1,
LIG_GBD_WASP_1,
LIG_Mtr4_Air2_1,
LIG_Mtr4_Trf4_1,
LIG_Mtr4_Trf4_2,
LIG_Pex14_3,
LIG_Pex14_4,
LIG_RPA_C_Fungi,
LIG_RPA_C_Insects,
LIG_RPA_C_Plants,
LIG_RPA_C_Vert,
MOD_SUMO_rev_2

Many new instances & interactions have been added, too.
10 Feb 2015

ELM database update:

The following ELM classes have been added: DOC_PP1_MyPhoNE_1 DOC_PP2A_KARD_1 LIG_CNOT1_NIM_1
and two ELM classes have been updated/renamed: LIG_SUMO_SIM_par_1 LIG_SUMO_SIM_anti_2
Furthermore, more than 100 instances have been added to the database.
13 Jan 2014

ELM database update

A new ELM class has been annotated: LIG_CaMK_CASK_1
Also, many new experimental instances have been added.
22 May 2014

ELM database update:

The following ELM classes have been added:
LIG_EF_ALG2_ABM_2
LIG_EF_ALG2_ABM_1
LIG_LIR_LC3C_4
LIG_LIR_Nem_3
LIG_LIR_Apic_2
LIG_LIR_Gen_1
DOC_PP2B_2
LIG_WD40_WDR5_2
LIG_WD40_WDR5_1
LIG_WD40_WDR5_WIN_3
LIG_WD40_WDR5_WIN_2
LIG_WD40_WDR5_WIN_1
DOC_PP1_SILK_1
LIG_SUFU_1
DOC_CKS1_1

The following ELM classes have been updated:
TRG_LysEnd_GGAAcLL_2
DOC_PP2B_1
DOC_PP1_RVXF_1
LIG_GBD_WASP_1
CLV_PCSK_SKI1_1
CLV_C14_Caspase3-7
CLV_PCSK_FUR_1
CLV_PCSK_KEX2_1
CLV_PCSK_PC1ET2_1
CLV_PCSK_PC7_1
CLV_MEL_PAP_1
CLV_Separin_Fungi
CLV_Separin_Metazoa
CLV_NRD_NRD_1

Furthermore, more than 100 instances have been added to the database.
19 Nov 2013

ELM update paper published

All the latest updates and improvements have been written up in the latest ELM paper (24214962)
03 Sep 2013

Docking classes renamed

A new ELM subtype (DOC) representing degradation sites has been created and the following classes have been renamed:
previous name new name
LIG_AGCK_PIF_1 DOC_AGCK_PIF_1
LIG_AGCK_PIF_2 DOC_AGCK_PIF_2
LIG_AGCK_PIF_3 DOC_AGCK_PIF_3
LIG_CYCLIN_1 DOC_CYCLIN_1
LIG_MAPK_1 DOC_MAPK_1
LIG_MAPK_2 DOC_MAPK_2
LIG_PIKK_1 DOC_PIKK_1
LIG_PP1 DOC_PP1
LIG_PP2B_1 DOC_PP2B_1
LIG_RAPTOR_TOS_1 DOC_WD40_RPTOR_TOS_1
LIG_SPAK-OSR1_1 DOC_SPAK_OSR1_1
LIG_TNKBM_1 DOC_ANK_TNKS_1
LIG_USP7_1 DOC_USP7_1
LIG_USP7_2 DOC_USP7_2
LIG_WW_PIN1_4 DOC_WW_Pin1_4
Requests to a previous name will automatically be redirected to the new class name...
26 Aug 2013

Interactions as downloads available

Interactions between ELM instances and interaction domains can be viewed in the elm_instances pages, but also downloaded as either PSI MITAB or PSI-MI XML (2.5) format. See also the "ELM internal links" in the Links page
26 Aug 2013

Degron classes renamed

A new ELM subtype (DEG) representing degradation sites has been created and more than ten classes have been renamed:
previous name new name
LIG_APCC_DBOX_1 DEG_APCC_DBOX_1
LIG_APCC_KENBOX_2 DEG_APCC_KENBOX_2
LIG_APCC_TPR_1 DEG_APCC_TPR_1
LIG_CRL4_CDT2_1 DEG_CRL4_CDT2_1
LIG_CRL4_CDT2_2 DEG_CRL4_CDT2_2
LIG_MDM2 DEG_MDM2_1
LIG_ODPH_VHL_1 DEG_ODPH_VHL_1
LIG_SCF_COI1_1 DEG_SCF_COI1_1
LIG_SCF_FBW7_1 DEG_SCF_FBW7_1
LIG_SCF_FBW7_2 DEG_SCF_FBW7_2
LIG_SCF_SKP2-CKS1_1 DEG_SCF_SKP2-CKS1_1
LIG_SCF_TIR1_1 DEG_SCF_TIR1_1
LIG_SCF-TRCP1_1 DEG_SCF_TRCP1_1
Requests to a previous name will automatically be redirected to the new class name...
15 Aug 2013

Links to Switches.ELM added

Each ELM instance which is part of a switching mechanism annotated at http://switches.elm.eu.org/ is provided with a short description of this mechanism as well as a schematic and links to the corresponding entry at Switches.ELM.
15 Aug 2013

ELM database update

The ELM classes LIG_SCF_TIR1_1, LIG_SCF_COI1_1, LIG_NBox_RRM_1, LIG_APCC_Cbox_1 and LIG_APCC_Cbox_2 as well as instances for each class have been added to the database.
28 Jun 2013

ELM database update

The ELM classes LIG_APCC_TPR_1 and LIG_PAM2_2 have been added to the database and LIG_MYND has been split into multiple classes: LIG_MYND_1, LIG_MYND_2, and LIG_MYND_3. Furthermore, ELM class LIG_EVH1_1 has been updated, and several new Instances have been added to the database.
18 Jan 2013

ELM database update

New classes have been added: CLV_Separin_Fungi, CLV_Separin_Metazoa, LIG_SUMO_SBM_1, LIG_SUMO_SBM_2, MOD_LATS_1, TRG_PEX_2, and TRG_PEX_3 and the following classes have been updated: LIG_Integrin_isoDGR_1, LIG_PCNA_PIPBox_1, and TRG_PEX_1.
Many new Instances have been added to the database and links to external resources have been updated. Furthermore, information about interaction partners is shown at the instance detail page (where available).
01 Aug 2012

ELM database update

One new ELM class has been annotated (LIG_SPRY_1) and existing ones have been updated:

LIG_Integrin_isoDGR_1, TRG_PEX_1, LIG_Integrin_isoDGR_1, LIG_PCNA_PIPBox_1, LIG_CRL4_CDT2_1, LIG_CTBP_PxDLS_1. Many new instances have been added to the database...
11 Apr 2012

ELM database update

One new ELM class has been annotated (LIG_OCRL_FandH_1) and existing ones have been updated:
LIG_14-3-3_3, LIG_PP1, LIG_TNKBM_1, LIG_WW_PIN1_4, MOD_TYR_ITAM, TRG_ER_diArg_1, and TRG_LysEnd_APsAcLL_1
02 Dec 2011

ELM update paper published

All the latest updates and improvements have been written up in the latest ELM paper (22110040)
02 Dec 2011

ELM database update

New ELM classes have been annotated:
LIG_CAP-Gly_2, LIG_CRL4_CDT2_2, LIG_CRL4_CDT2_1, LIG_SCF_SKP2-CKS1_1, and CLV_C14_Caspase3-7
09 Nov 2011

ELM sequences update

Sequences of annotated ELM instances have been synced with UNIPROT.
Instance positions were mapped onto new sequences.
16 Oct 2011

ELM database update

New ELM classes have been annotated:
LIG_eIF4E_1, LIG_Integrin_isoDGR_1, and LIG_PIKK_1
13 Sep 2011

Re-Mapping of annotated experimental methods

All experimental methods have been updated and synced to PSI:MI controlled vocabulary (where possible)
05 Sep 2011

New ELM Web Interface

The ELM resource got a new web interface:

All HTML pages are now dynamically created using the python framework DJANGO; JavaScript is used to make the whole site more interactive and to communicate to the server via AJAX callbacks.
The whole website was redesigned introducing many new features such as full-text search for ELM classes as well as instances.
25 Aug 2011

ELM database update

New ELM classes have been annotated:
LIG_EVH1_3, LIG_Actin_RPEL_3, LIG_Actin_WH2_2, LIG_Actin_WH2_1, LIG_AGCK_PIF_3, LIG_AGCK_PIF_2, LIG_AGCK_PIF_1, LIG_PAM2_1.
20 Dec 2010

ELM database update

The list of ELM classes has been updated.
New entries: LIG_BIR_III_4, LIG_FAT_LD_1, LIG_HCF-1_HBM_1, LIG_LYPXL_L_2, LIG_LYPXL_S_1, LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 and LIG_SPAK-OSR1_1
Also, many new experimental instances have been added.
08 Feb 2010

ELM database update

The list of ELM motif classes has been updated.
New entries: LIG_BIR, LIG_GLEBS_BUB3, LIG_SCF-TrCP1, LIG_SCF_FBW7, LIG_SxIP_EBH, TRG_Cilium_Arf4, TRG_Cilium_RVxP, TRG_ER_FFAT, TRG_NLS_Bipartite, TRG_NLS_MonoCore, TRG_NLS_MonoExtC, and TRG_NLS_MonoExtN
More than 100 new experimental instances have been added.
02 Feb 2010

New ELM candidate motif page

We have created a page listing unannotated candidate motifs that might become ELM entries with your help. Please, feel free to browse this page and to annotate ELM with us.
04 Dec 2009

ELM Update imminent

The new ELM paper is out! New data and new motif entries are being finalised and will be added shortly to the ELM database.
08 Apr 2009

ELM Database Update

New entries for KEPE motifs. Also modifications to some existing entries e.g. 14-3-3 ligand motifs.
02 Apr 2009

ELM Structure Filter 1.1 added

Additional functionality added. A p-value is assigned to each score of an ELM match. These p-values provide a conservative estimate of the probability that an ELM prediction with a given score is a true positive.
19 Dec 2008

ELM Structure Filter 1.0 added

Revised scoring scheme with better discrimination power, based on the non-wildcard positions of the linear motifs.
07 Nov 2008

ELM Database Update

New entries for Raptor, VHL, AP-2, TRF binder motifs. Also many mods to existing entries with new instances, improvements or corrections e.g. EH, Dbox. Inappropriate PIP2-binding structural motifs deleted.
01 May 2008

Linear Motif Review available

Get the open access linear motif review from FBS now
12 Feb 2008

ELM Structural Filter (BETA version) added

The ELM Structural Filter evaluates the context of linear motifs lying within the query sequence, whenever a globular domain structure is available (≥70% similarity to the query sequence).
The filter scores both the secondary structure overlap and the accessibility of the individual residues of each motif.
13 Dec 2007

ELM Database Update

New entries for PP2B, CAP-GLY, USP7, SIah. Experimental instances added to some existing entries e.g.PP1.
09 May 2007

ELM Database Update

Substantial update to the ELM database. Fixes to many existing entries. More than 10 new motif patterns e.g. NES, Destruction Boxes, MAP kinase docking motifs.
26 Oct 2006

ELM Database Web Service Available

As part of the EMBRACE project to integrate various European Bioinformatics resources, protein motif data stored in the ELM database can now be directly accessed through a Web Services schema. Users interested in using the WS are requested to contact the ELM Webmaster
24 Jun 2005

ELM instance mapper added

The ELM instance mapper allow the identification of known experimental ELM instances in query sequences if annotated in the ELM resource.
Additionally, predictions in sequences similar to annotated ELM instance sequences will be scored, if the motif position is conserved.
25 Jun 2003

ELM paper is out

ELM server: a new resource for investigating short functional sites in modular eukaryotic proteins.
Puntervoll, P., Linding, R., Gemünd, C., Chabanis-Davidson, S., Mattingsdal, M., Cameron, S., Martin, D. M. A., Ausiello, G., Brannetti, B., Costantini, A., Ferrè, F., Maselli, V., Via, A., Cesareni, G., Diella, F., Superti-Furga, G., Wyrwicz, L., Ramu, C., McGuigan, C., Gudavalli, R., Letunic, I., Bork, P., Rychlewski, L., Küster, B., Helmer-Citterich, M., Hunter, W. N., Aasland, R., & Gibson, T. J. (2003). Nucleic Acids Res., 31: 3625-3630.
Please cite: ELM-the Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource-2024 update. (PMID:37962385)

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