The Eukaryote Linear Motif resource for Functional Sites in Proteins

Currently 210 candidates need annotation:

Identifier Model References Description Notes Status
TRG_multiple PMID:19482617 Review of several motifs responsible for internalization and trafficking of cell-surface membrane receptors NP.Y is mentioned in LIG_PTB_Phospho_1 first draft
LIG_MIU [DE][LIVY].[LIV]A..[LIVY]..[DE]{DE] PMID:16499958
PDB:2C7N
PDB:2C7M
PMID:19217402
MIU (motif interacting with ubiquitin; also known as IUIM or inverted UIM) first draft
LIG_TAZ2 F.[DE]...L PMID:10196247, PMID:19217391, PMID:16319895, PDB:2KJE , PDB:2K8F Binding motif for the TAZ2 domain in transcriptional adapter protein CBP/PCAF/p300 First attempt to annotate failed. Needs more information. A better structure for the P53 instance would be useful. first draft
LIG_DUIM [DE].[LIVY]..A[LIVYM]A.S.[SA][DE] PMID:16462748 PDB: 2D3G double sided ubiquitin interacting motif first draft
LIG_UIM [DE][DE]..[ILVY]..A[ILVY].S.. PMID:16462748 PMID:12970172 PDB: 1Q0V PDB: 2D3G PMID:12750381 PDB:1O06 Ubiquitin interacting motif first draft
MOD_N-GLC_Bacteria [DE].(N)[^P][ST].. PMID:16619027 PMID:21209858 PMID:20523900 PMID:20847188 PMID:20581208 similar regular expression to MOD_N-GLC_1 but also found within bacteria and archea. bacterial N-glycosyltransferases exhibit a more stringent specificity for the acceptor site than the eukaryotic counterpart. This restricts glycosylation to a narrow set of polypeptides first draft
MOD_N-GLC_3 NG. PMID:20510933 PMID:21978957 Non-canonical N-glycosylations sites found in the mouse glycoproteome first draft
MOD_N-GLC_4 N.V PMID:20510933 PMID:21978957 Non-canonical N-glycosylations sites found in the mouse glycoproteome first draft
MOD_LATS_1 H.R..[ST] PMID:17974916 Mammalian tumour suppressors LATS1 and 2 are AGC group kinases involved in the Hippo pathway. Similar kinases are conserved in other Eukaryotes. Known substrates YAP1 and WWTR1 (TAZ) have multiple HxRxxS motifs that are phosphorylated by the LATS kinases. Thus these kinases appear to have a target specificity that is distinct from other AGC group kinases. first draft
LIG_CASK_CID_1 E.[IV]W[IV].R PMID:21763699 Docking motif in Caskin1, Mint1 and TIAM1 that binds to the CASK hub protein involved in brain, synapse, cell polarity. first draft
LIG_PCNA_PIP_2 ...[LIM][DE].[FHY][FHY]. PMID:19208623, PDB:2ZVM , PMID:20606006, PMID:19081076 Non-canonical PIP box, missing the p1 glutamine. Mediates binding to PCNA. Found in Polη, Polκ. The PIP boxes of Xic1 in X. laevis and E2F in D. melanogaster overlap the PIP degron LIG_CRL4_Cdt2_1 and LIG_CRL4_Cdt2_2, respectively. first draft
CLV_C14_Caspase-1 [WFYML][^P].D PMID:1221285 PMID:1236692 PMID:15296730 Caspase-1 is involved in inflammation. Motif suggestion is based on in vitro data. Optimal described sequence is WEHD. For protein substrate see MEROPS or CutDB first draft
LIG_WW_Nedd4L .(S)P.L(S)PN PMID:21685363, PDB:2LAJ Motif in Smad3 that binds to the third WW domain of Nedd4L. Phosphorylation of Smad3 by CDK8/9 and GSK3 recruits ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-like via its third WW domain; second WW domain displaces Pin1 at WW motif upstream; leads to Smad3 destruction. first draft
TRG_ER_diArg_1 R.{0,1}R PMID:16065065 ER retention/retrieving signal found in ER membrane proteins (cytoplasmic side) should replace current TRG_ER_diArg_1 first draft
MOD_Geranyl_CAAXbox_1 (C).[LIVM][ILMV]$ PMID:12702202 Motif modified by Geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGT1). Should replace current MOD_CAAXbox to define specificity. first draft
MOD_Farnesyl_CAAXbox_1 (C).[LIVM].$ PMID:12702202 Motif modified by Farnesyltransferase. Should replace current MOD_CAAXbox to define specificity. first draft
LIG_DCUN1_1 (M)[IL].L PMID:21940857 PDB:3TDZ Acetylated N-terminal methionine motif that mediates binding to the DCUN domain of E3 ligase DCN1 found in E2 ligase Ubc12. first draft
LIG_LCK_1 C.CP PMID:14500983 PDB:1Q69 PDB:1Q68 Found in CD4 and CD8. Beautiful mechanism where LCK contributes 2 cysteines and CD4/CD8 contribute 2 cysteines to bind zinc and form a "zinc clasp" binding site. 400nM affinity. Also buries a di-leucine sorting signal regulating trafficking. May not be a short linear motif by some definitions. first draft
LIG_RPA_C_ 1 R[QN][RK].[AL] PMID:11081631 PMID:19793862 PDB:1DPU RPA recognition motif found in DNA repair proteins SMARCAL1, Tipin, UNG2, XPA and AD52 first draft
LIG_SCF_COI1 RR..L..FL PMID:17637675 PMID:20927106 PDB:3OGM PMID:17637677 PMID:18458331 PMID:20159850 a degron found in plants associated with the Jasmonate family of transcription repressors. first draft
LIG_PAM2_2 EF.PG..W PMID:20098421,PDB:2X04 Second PABC PAM2 motif that has a different path and exit on the domain face. Found in TNRC6C. Won't match current expression and therefore needs own class. undeleted first draft
LIG_CP_1 L.H.T..R[AP]K PMID:20625546, PDB:3AA0 , PDB:3AA1 , PDB:3AA6 Actin Capping Protein (CP)-binding motif of CARMIL proteins (CARMIL, CD2AP, CKIP-1) undeleted first draft
LIG_SCF_TIR1 GWPPV PMIDPMID:15295098 PMID:11595806 PMID:16488128 PMID:17410169 PDB:2P1Q A degron motif found in plants responsible for the degradation of members of the Aux/IAA family of transcriptional repressors first draft
LIG_TKB (Y)[TS]..PT PMID:20877636, PMID:18273061, PDB:3OB1 , PDB:3OB2 Recognition motif in EGFR and Sprouty2 for non-canonical SH2 domain (TKB domain) in E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl first draft
CLV_C14_Caspase4-5 [LIVMWYF][EDQ][^RKGL]D PMID:1221285 PMID:1236692 Caspase-4 and -5 are involved in inflammation. Motif suggestion is based on in vitro data. Optimal described sequence is [WL]EHD. For protein substrate see MEROPS or CutDB first draft
CLV_C14_Caspase-2 [DEIL].[DEFY]D PMID:1221285 PMID:1236692 PMID:12920126 Caspase-2 induces the intrinsic apoptotic pathway during cell stress signaling. Motif suggestion is based on in vitro data. Optimal described sequence is DEHD. For protein substrate see MEROPS or CutDB first draft
CLV_C14_Caspase-9 [^RK][EDQ]HD PMID:1221285 PMID:1236692 PMID:11734640 Caspase-9 is an initiator caspase in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and cleaves executor caspases. Motif suggestion is based on in vitro data. Optimal described sequence is LEHD. For protein substrate see MEROPS or CutDB first draft
CLV_C14_Caspase-8-10 [^RK][EDQ].D PMID:1221285 PMID:1236692 PMID:19694615 PMID:10964557 PMID:10508785 Caspase-8 and -10 are the initiator caspase in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and cleaves executor caspases. Motif suggestion is based on in vitro data. Optimal described sequence is LETD. For protein substrate see MEROPS or CutDB No in vitro data for caspase-10 but cleavage motif LEXD in literature is described. first draft
CLV_C14_Caspase-6 VLIT][EDQ][^DENQRKAPGS]D PMID:1221285 PMID:1236692 PMID:19694615 PMID:21111746 Caspase-6 is an effector caspase during apoptosis. Putative role in Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s disease Motif suggestion is based on in vitro data. Optimal described sequence is VEHD For protein substrate see MEROPS or CutDB first draft
CLV_C14_Metacaspase [RK] PMID:17028019, PMID:18005666, PMID:19820703, PMID:21597462 Metacaspases are distantly related to caspases and are found in protozoa, fungi and plants. They are involved in regulation of different cell biological processes, like programmed cell death and development. Contrary to caspases which cleave specific after aspartate, metacaspases cleave specific after arginine and lysine. Depending on their prodomain metacaspases were distinguished into type I and II. Less is known about metacaspases' cleavage motif. Only 3 metacaspases' substrates were described. first draft
LIG_PI(4,5)P2 [KR]....K.[KR][KR] PMID:9891784, PMID:15483625 lipid binding motif for PI(4,5)P2 first draft
LIG_TPR_Kinesin_1 [ILMV].WD[DN][ES] PMID:16760430 PMID:20195521 Motif in calsyntenin binding to TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) domains of Kinesin Light Chain1 (KLC1. Also used by Vaccinia Virus. first draft
LIG_TPR_2 [ILMV][DE]{1,2}[ILMV][DE]$ None Extension of the current over-defined TPR binding motif based on sequence analysis. first draft
LIG_RIP_CTP SD[DE]DMGFGLFD$ PMID:19073700 PDB:2JDL 11 residue long C terminal peptide motif of ribosomal stalk proteins which interact with ribosome inactivating proteins (RIP), which in turn leads to depurination of a specific Adenine residue of 28S rRNA and failure of the recruitment of elongation factors to the ribosomal GTPase-associated center, thus inhibition of the translation in the ribosome. first draft
LIG_PUL_PLAA_1 [DE][DE][DE][DE]LY[AGS]$ PDB:3EBB PMID:19887378 Motif in ATPase VCP/p97 that binds to the PUL domain of PLAA. C-termianl motif with acidic extension that fits into a highly positive grove on the PUL domain surface. Involved in the regualtion of Ubiquitination. first draft
LIG_Glycolytic_Aldolase W[DE]{2,3}W PDB:3LGE PMID:20129922 Motif that mediates binding to Aldolase A first draft
LIG_SH3_9 SAMP PMID:18786926 PMID:20509626 PDB:2RQU a non-canonical SH3 binding motif associated binding to ASAP1 and colocalized at microtubule ends. first draft
LIG_SH3_8 [RK]..[RK] PMID:12176364 PDB:1H3H PMID:15483625 non canonical SH3 binding motif first draft
LIG_Alpha-synuclein .DVF. PMID:19762560 interaction with coiled coils of Synphilin-1 first draft
LIG_GABARAP W.FL PMID:19154346 PMID:18027972 PMID:17916189 PDB:3DOW GABAA receptor binding to clathrin and calreticulin. possibly linked to trafficking first draft
LIG_AP_GAE_2 W..[FW] PMID:14973137 Motif in hinge region of GGA1, also in NECAP1 and amphiphysin II, that mediates interaction with the AP-1 gamma-ear domain; binds to same or overlapping site as LIG_AP_GAE_1 first draft
LIG_Actin_DMD LK..E[ST] PMID:9883911 actin binding motif found in the Dp71 dystrophin isoform first draft
LIG_ECD_CRF LM..I$ PMID:18801728, PDB:3EHT Extracellular domain (ECD) of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1 (CRFR1) binds to CRF via its C terminally amidated ligand motif. first draft
LIG_BTB_SMRT [GL][IV][AT]T[IV]KE[AM]GRSIHEIPR PMID:14690607, PDB:1R2B Motif mediating binding of BCL6 BTB domain to SMRT first draft
LIG_MYND_2 PPPLI PMID:17560331, PDB: 2ODD Motif that mediates the interaction between MYND domain of AML1/ETO and co-repressors SMRT and N-CoR. first draft
LIG_EAR PMID:20935498 PMID:11487705 EAR motif mediates transcriptional repression of plant genes via recruitment of a histone deacetylase complex, which leads to chromatin modification. first draft
LIG_CP L.H.T..R[AP]K PMID:20625546, PDB:3AA6 , PDB:3AA1 , PDB:3AA0 Motif found in the CARMIL proteins (CARMIL, CD2AP and CKIP-1) that regulate actin capping protein (CP) by removing them from the actin filaments. 10nM affinity. first draft
LIG_WD40_WDR5_1 PMID:16829960 Motif around K4 in H3 tail that binds to WD40 domain in WDR5 but - against expectation - does not mind if K4 is methylated. first draft
LIG_CEP55 GPP...Y PMID:18948538, PDB:3E1R motif in Alix and TSG101 that interacts with coiled coil in CEP55; motif overlaps with motif for binding to ALG-2 first draft
TRG_Golgi PMID:21283809 potential Golgi-retention motif and a number of conserved motifs with unknown function first draft
LIG_SH3_7 [RK][RK].PXXPPXXP..[RK] PMID:17437541 Motif in proline-rich domain of dynamin I that interacts with SH3 domain of endophilin I, consists of tandem core PxxP motif flanked by basic residues; bidirectional binding first draft
LIG_SH3_6 [RK][RK].{9}[RK][RK].PXXPXX[RK]...[RK] PMID:17437541 Motif in proline-rich domain of dynamin I that interacts with SH3 domain of syndapin I, consists of core PxxP motif flanked by basic residues; syndapin I binding sensitive to introduction of negative charges; bidirectional binding first draft
MOD_acetyl_E2ligase_1 [KR]R[IL].KE PMID:21791702 Motif found associated with the acetylation of ubiquitin E2 ligases first draft
LIG_ARM [DEG].EGGGE.D...[FY]....L PMID:20371349, PDB:3L6Y Motif in JMD domain in C-terminal tail of cadherins that interacts with Armadillo repeats in p120 catenin first draft
LIG_PAM2_2 W..EF.PG..W.... PMID:20098421, PMID:20181956, PDB:2X04 , PDB:3KTP binding motif in GW182 family proteins for binding with PABC domain of PABP1, essential for microRNA-mediated translation repression and deadenylation first draft
LIG_BH1_BH3 LA..GD PMID:16475813 Motif of Bid-BH3 that binds to BH1 domain of Bcl-w. This interaction is lost upon Bcl-w lipid binding first draft
LIG_Filamin ..(T)TT.. PMID:20332112, PMID:18550856, PDB:2V7D Motif recognized by Filamin. First threonine must not be phosphorylated. Molecular switch. See LIG_Talin and LIG_14-3-3-3 (latter might need updating of regex as does not cover binding motif in integrins mentioned in 18550856) first draft
LIG_Talin [WY].{4}NP.Y PMID:15362227, PMID:20332112, PMID:19903453, PMID:19863457 Composite motif in the C-termal region of integrin. It is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and PTB domain binding at NPxY. Unphosphorylated form binds talin by beta addition. first draft
LIG_Sin3_4 [FLW]..[ILV][ILV]... PMID:21440557, PDB:2L9S PAH motif in Pf1 (Q96QT6) binds to Sin3 (Q60520). Basically extends LIG_Sin3_3. (cave: pdb-structure features human motif but mouse sin3a) first draft
LIG_TF2_FCP1_1 [DE]...[ILMV][AGS]..L..[DE][ILMF] PMID:12732728, PMID:12591941, PDB:1J2X Motif in carboxy terminus of FCP1 interacts with carboxy terminus of "Transcription initiation factor IIF subunit alpha" (RAP74). Interaction relies extensively on van der Waals contacts between hydrophobic residues situated within alpha-helices in both domains. Might not be linear first draft
LIG_CAVB_AID L.GY..WI PMID:15141227, PDB:1T0J Motif in Voltage-gated calcium channel beta-subunit (Cavb) binds to the conserved alpha-interaction domain (AID) of the same channel Interaction happens between subunits of calcium channel. Motif resides in structured region; found in multiple Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunits. first draft
LIG_FERM_4 MDW.....[LI]F..[LF] PMID:16615918,PDB:2YVC Motif that mediates binding to the FERM domain of Radixin found in NHERF-1. Binds different site to PSGL-1, NEP, CD44 and CD43. Nice mutational analysis in paper. first draft
LIG_FERM_3 [KRQ]...Y..[ILV] PMID:12554651,PMID:18076570, PMID:18753140, PDB:2YVC , PDB:2EMS , PDB:2ZPY , PDB:2EMT Motif that mediates binding to the FERM domain of Radixin found in PSGL-1, NEP, CD44 and CD43. Difficult consensus but all structures overlap the same binding site. first draft
LIG_FERM_2 L...M..L..LM..L..IT PMID:21642953, PMID:21321230, PDB:3PZD Large cargo recognition helix in DCC, Ngn and Fz1A that binds to the FERM domain of Myosin-X. first draft
LIG_20S [ILMV]Y.$ PMID:21499243, PMID:20019667, PDB:3IPM Binding site on the 20S protesome that is used by both assembly factors such as Pba1-Pba2 and activators such as PAN, Blm10 and PA28. first draft
LIG_PH_Tfb1 [ILVF]..W[ILVF].[DE] PMID:16793543,PDB:2GS0 Amphipathic helix motif in P53 that is recognised by the PH domain of the p62 subunit of TFIIH. 3uM and phosphorheostatic binding (pS46 518nM, pT55 457nM and pS46pT55 97nM). first draft
LIG_CORNRBOX_2 [IL]..[ILV][IL]..[ILVYF] PMID:20581824,PDB:3N00 An improved definition of the CoRNbox motif based on structural studies from SMRT and N-Cor. Should update current entry rather than make new entry as they are overlapping. first draft
LIG_RCT L..L[KR].[KR] PMID:21217703,PDB:3OWT Helical motif that mediates the binding to the RCT domain of yeast telomeric protein RAP1. Found in TAZ1(1.97uM) and Sir3(2.3uM) overlaps the binding site of a larger higher affinity disordered interface found in TRF2 (16.5nM). first draft
LIG_Caveolin [WFY]....[WFY]..[WFY] PMID:9325253 Motif mediating binding to Caveolin. Found in G-proteins, Src-like kinases, Ha-Ras, and eNOS. Also functions in a anti-parallel conformation. first draft
MOD_phos_NEK2 [FLM][^P][^P]([ST])[^DEP][HR] PMID:21712545 Canonical motif phosphorylated by NEK2 first draft
MOD_phos_AURORA R.([ST]) PMID:21712546, PMID:21712545 Canonical motif phosphorylated by Aurora kinase A/B first draft
LIG_APH1 G...G PMID:18061918, PMID:21507970 conserved alpha helix binding motif; plays a role in maturation of the gamma-secretase complex, but may be involved in other recognitions (see ref2) earns a closer look (Mk) first draft
LIG_AcetylCoA [QR]..G.[GA] PMID:19660096 Conserved core motif responsible for acetyl coenzyme A binding as found in all members of the GNAT superfamily of N-acetyltransferases (GNAT, Pfam: PF00583 Acetyltransf_1) first draft
MOD_HEME CP[ILMVFY] PMID:7835342 Short sequence that has been shown to bind heme and is repeated up to 6 times. first draft
DCK_dephos_PP1_4 F..[KR].[KR] PMID:12115603, PMID:20376316 Docking motif for PP1 phosphatase found in several proteins involved in apoptosis such as Bcl-xL. first draft
DCK_dephos_PP1_3 [GS]IL[RK] PMID:12657641 Docking motif, referred to as the SILK motif, for PP1 phosphatase found in NIPP1 first draft
DCK_dephos_PP1_2 R..Q[VIL][KR].[YW] PMID:15164081 Docking motif, referred to as the MyPhoNe motif, for PP1 phosphatase found in Myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1. first draft
MOD_SPalmitoyl_X PMID:15189153 Modification site by palmitoylation; may also mask other modifications or binding sites, e.g. by recognins extention of entries class 2 and class 4 first draft
LIG_PTB_Talin SPLH PDB:1Y19 , PDB:2G35 Non-canonical PTB binding motif found to bind to the Talin PTB domain motif only found in PIP5K1C for far. Waiting for more instances before annotation first draft
LIG_FERM_ICAM2 R...Y.V...W PMID:12554651, PDB:1J19 Cytosolic side motif in ICAM-2 binds to the PTB-like C domain of the FERM module. Important for membrane-associated cytoskeleton. Peptides with low similarity to ICAM-2 from other proteins also bind in this region of FERM so it may be difficult to define ELM motifs. first draft
LIG_HBOX_DDB1 PMID:19966799 13aa structural motif, that must be located inside a disordered region, and which binds to DDB1. It's found in many DDB1 binding proteins but also in viral proteins, such as Hepatitis B virus protein X and parainfluenza virus 5 (formerly called simian virus 5 or SV5) protein V which use it to hijack DDB1. The problem is that it is not rigorously a sequence motif, rather many sequences can adopt this structural motif alpha-helix, but still, the author describes quite a few preferred positions. (Contact: D. Karlin) first draft
LIG_cpSR43_ANK DPLG PMID:18621669, PDB:3DEP The DPLG motif binds L18p to cpSRP43. Part of a chloroplast system inserting light harvesting proteins into thylakoid membranes first draft
LIG_Cdc20_Spo13 L.E...N PMID:17493939 Degron in the yeast meiosis-specific protein SPO13 recognised by the cdc20 subunit of the APC. first draft
MOD_SMAD (S)[IVLM](S)$ PMID:9346908, PMID:18387785 C-terminal phosphorylation motif found in receptor-activated Smads. Phosphorylated by TGF-beta1 kinase after its activation first draft
CLV_Separin S[HILMV][DE].GR[RKS] PMID:11533655 Recognition site for cleavage by Caspase-like protease Separin. first draft
LIG_DHB_DAXX [DE]..[IL]..[WHFY][[WFHY] PMID:21134643 Motifs in Rassf1C mediating binding to the DHB domain of the scaffold protein DAXX. Has structure but not yet in pdb (see paper). first draft
LIG_N_degron_Doa10_Ac ^([MAVSTC]) PMID:20110468 Acetylated N-terminal degron signal recognized by ubiquitin ligase Doa10. Promotes proteosomal degradation. first draft
LIG_PP2B_2 L.VP PMID:19285944 Secondary, lower affinity, docking motif for the calcium activated phosphotase calcineurin. Found in NFAT1-4, KSR2 and Rcn1. first draft
LIG_Menin_MBM_2 PMID:20961854 Bipartite interaction interface recognised by Menin. MBM1 (90nM) and MBM2 (1,400 nM) bind with different affinities but together bind with a much stronger affinity (6.8 nM). Exact residues are unknown but fall between residues 23-40. first draft
LIG_Menin_MBM_1 ...WRFP..P PMID:20961854 Bipartite interaction interface recognised by Menin. MBM1 (90nM) and MBM2 (1,400 nM) bind with different affinities but together bind with a much stronger affinity (6.8 nM). MBM1 binds in an extended conformation. May not be a motif as we currently define them as it is quite a large interaction interface. first draft
LIG_Pex3P_1 L..LL...L..F PMID:21102411 Large induced hydrophobic helix mediating binding to the Pex3p protein, found in Pex19p. first draft
LIG_AGO_PIWI_1 WG PMID:17891150 Mediates interaction with the Argonaute PIWI domain. Found in Argonaute-interacting protein Tas3. Difficult to annotate. Very variable other than conserved tryptophan. first draft
LIG_BIR_Survivin ^AX(PT) PMID:20705815 Most BIR domain interacting peptides are unmodified but the Survivin BIR domain recognises an N-terminal peptide with phosphothreonine in the third position. first draft
LIG_MIT_MIM2 [ILMV]P[DE]VP[ST]..LP PMID:18606141, PDB:2K3W VPS4 MIT domain binding "MIM2? motif found in a subset of ESCRT-III subunits first draft
LIG_TAZ1 LP.L / LPMSP PMID:14594809, PMID:12778114, PMID:11959977, PDB:1L8C , PDB:1L3E Minimal region of a lager binding motif for the TAZ1 domain in transcriptional adapter protein CBP/PCAF/p300. Complicated binding read [19214187] for explanation. first draft
LIG_RNA_RGG RGG PMID:8290338, PMID:12925994, PMID:12628254 Motif potentially involved in RNA binding in RGG transcriptional regulators. SMN Tudor domain binds dimethyl-Arg of RGG. first draft
LIG_RHIM_1 [IV]Q[ILV]G PMID:20346680 RIP homotypic interaction motif found in several programmed necrotic cell injury related proteins. Probably the core of a longer disordered interface first draft
TRG_Paranodin PGY PMID:17093057 Paranodin trafficking repeat motif. first draft
TRG_TAT [ST]RR.FLK PMID:16987314 Tat export consensus motif. first draft
LIG_PABC PMID:14685257, PDB:1JH4 Long disordered motif making many contacts??? PAM1 motif, binds to PABC domain first draft
LIG_R3IM [DE][DE][DE]EFE[DE] PMID:18775730 Motif of the DSS1 protein required for proteasome interaction and p53 protein degradation. first draft
LIG_Sap1_Bbox F.L..L PMID:11406578 SRF binding motif with beta-augmentation core. first draft
LIG_PHDfingers_H3 ^...K PMID:16728977 NURF and ING types of PHD finger bind histone H3 trimethylated lysine. first draft
LIG_TRADD YYD$ PMID:9356494 Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD) binding motif in LMP1 first draft
MOD_acetylation PMID:10656693, PMID:10607594, PMID:9744860, PMID:9774110, PMID:9809067 Acetylation targets in the nucleus beyond histone tails: p53, HMG I/Y, TCF, etc. first draft
MOD_LammerK (RS)n PMID:11827553, PMID:1577277, PMID:8772383 Many Lammer kinases (clk1-4, Doa, PK12) phosphorylate (RS)n motifs, regulating splicing. first draft
LIG_PAS_STAT6 L..LL PMID:14757047, PMID:12138096 Stat6 motif found in complex wit the PAS domain of NCoA, not the usual nuclear receptor. Indicates a more complex story. first draft
LIG_PAM2 [FPLV][^P][IPVTA].A..F.P PMID:14685257, PMID:15003521, PMID:20096703 PABC/MLLE2-binding motifs involved in translational regulation. first draft
MOD_MegPhos PPPSP PMID:17555532 Necessary for phosphorylation of Megalin, possibly by GSK3. first draft
MOD_methylation PMID:8366133 Modification sites in histone tails and nucleolin. first draft
MOD_neddylation PMID:15361859 Motif in UBC12 (Neddylation E2) that binds in a groove of UBA3 in the E1 complex determining a neddylation specific interaction. first draft
MOD_Prk1p_1 [LVIM]....(T)G PMID:13679512, PMID:11694597, PMID:19220811 Motif modified by Prk1p, a yeast kinase localised at cortical actin patches and regulating endocytosis. Substrates include epsins and the Bni1p formin. first draft
TRG_chloroplast PMID:10998602 Chloroplast transit peptides. first draft
TRG_Dendritic LLY..[FYW] PMID:16988049 Dendritic targeting motif. first draft
TRG_ER-exit LLV PMID:19535327 A highly conserved motif near the C-terminus that dictates ER exit and cell-surface expression of NKCC2. first draft
TRG_ERM-PM RGGKYSV PMID:17995939 Motif responsible for the recruitment of ERM proteins to the plasma membrane in neurogenesis. first draft
TRG_Mit PMID:11381593 Mitochondrial targetting peptides. first draft
TRG_nucleolus PMID:10469277, PMID:10050887, PMID:9731210 Nucleolar targeting signals. first draft
TRG_Parasite_HT R.L.[EDQ] PMID:18621946, PMID:19170882 Core motif for N terminal host-targeting (HT) motif composed of 11 amino acids that is found in Plasmodium and other parasites. first draft
TRG_PEXEL_VTS PMID:16046186 Export motif for RBC stage of the malaria parasite. Similar motif in potato blight. first draft
TRG_RS (RS)n PMID:12215544, PMID:1577277, PMID:8772383 C-terminal RS domain rich in arginine and serine residues (extensively phosphorylated) that promotes protein protein interactions and directs subcellular localization of SR splicing factors. first draft
TRG_TGN YW PMID:16978406 Retrograde endosome to trans-Golgi network motif. first draft
TRG_VTS R.L.[EQ] PMID:15591203, PMID:15591202 Vacuolar protein export signal. first draft
Lig_PAH1_SID PMID:16288918, PMID:18089292 Helical motif binding the PAH1 domain of the Sin3 corepressor. There are four PAH domains in Sin3 that are likely to bind helical peptides with different specificities. Reversed orientation binding has been observed for PAH1-binding helices. first draft
LIG_PKC [YF][SA][VI](Y)[QR].[YF]. PMID:15851033 Phosphotyrosine motif in CDCP1 binding to the PKCd C2 domain. first draft
LIG_Notch DSL PMID:17006545 Conserved N-terminal motif in Notch ligands. first draft
LIG_MYPT1 Y.Y PMID:15164081 Motif on PP1delta reciprocating the RV.F motif on the targeting subunit of MYPT1. MYPT1 also has an N-terminal helical motif interacting with PP1delta. first draft
LIG_LOK [KR]Y.[ST] PMID:16616188 LOK kinase optimal phosphorylation site. LOK is a basophilic kinase with unusual Y preference at position 2. first draft
LIG_Hsc70 QLMLT PMID:17978091, PMID:7649995 Motif in the Clathrin Heavy Chain Required for the Hsc70/Auxilin Uncoating Reaction. Sequence bound preferentially by the substrate groove of Hsc70 first draft
LIG_IntA3B1 NVR PMID:17034138 Integrin a3b1 binding motif in thrombospondin. first draft
LIG_Integrin_Cell_Adhesion GRKRK PMID:19617625 C-terminal motif of tropoelastin that can bind to cells in a divalent cation dependent manner. Might be an integrin binding motif required for cell adhesion. first draft
LIG_integrin_TGFbeta DL..L PMID:14572313 Integrin binding motif in TGFbeta. first draft
LIG_Fn_binding LIPAD PMID:19699715 Fibronectin binding motif on the C-terminus of the Leptospira adhesin LigB (LigBCtv), residues 1708-1712 containing sequence LIPAD with an beta-strand and nascent helical structure. first draft
FUN_Delta [DE].{2,4}NN[IL] PMID:17006545 Motif conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates in Delta interacting proteins (Serrate/Jagged). Involved in the interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligases Mib1 and Neur. first draft
FUN_FG_nucleoporin (FG)n PMID:18688269 Motif present in nucleoporins that function as intramolecular cohesion elements imparting order to the FG domain and compacting its ensemble of structures into native premolten globular configurations. first draft
FUN_N-end_rule_pathway PMID:17962019 N-terminal ubiquitin mediated destruction system. May be ancient. Might not be a single motif but a combination of post translational modifications. first draft
FUN_Pin1_Isomerisation P[ST]P PMID:12571275 Pin1 isomerization motif. first draft
FUN_Synaptotagmin KK...K PMID:16987956 Motif required for efficient synaptic transmission. first draft
FUN_UBX QA PMID:16267091 Motif is present in Drosophila Ubx family of HOX genes and with pleiotropic functions in development. first draft
LIG_Abox PMID:12208850 Another destruction box proposed in Aurora A kinases. first draft
LIG_alphaActin FGPVVA PMID:1142354 Actin binding motif in plaque protein zyxin. Said to require alpha-actinin dimerisation. first draft
LIG_AnkyrinG [VA]P[IL]A..E[SD]D PMID:12716895, PMID:12829783 A conserved 9-amino acid motif required for ankyrinG binding. first draft
LIG_AP2alpha_3 W..[FW] PMID:14565955 An AP-2 adaptor interaction motif initially identified in the long-splice isoform of Synaptojanin1. first draft
LIG_betaCatenin_armadillo PMID:11136974, PMID:9774110 Motif responsible for the induced fit of 3-segmented IUP regions with the central KEGE-motif. K is not sampled but is acetylated by CBP to regulate the interaction. E/C-Cadherins have similar motif without K so not AC-regulated. Found in TCF/pangolin. first draft
LIG_Calnexin KPKKKKK PMID:14988724 Poly Lysine motif found in Erp57 and responsible for Calnexin binding. Highly conserved in orthologs and always located at the C-terminal end. Might determine the specificity of Calnexin binding versus the protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI). first draft
LIG_chromoshadow_EMSY [VILMF].[VILMF].[VILMF]..[VILMF] PMID:16615912 Motif that binds to HP1 chromoshadow domains from EMSY. first draft
LIG_CH_Parvin_Forwards EL..L[LM]..L PMID:18940607, PDB:2VZD Motif mediating binding to the C-terminal calponin homology domain (CH(C)) of alpha-parvin. Possible molecular switch by binding the FAT domain targeting LD motifs of Paxillin. Can bind in an anti parallel orientation. first draft
LIG_CH_Parvin_Backwards L..L[LM]..LE PMID:18940607, PDB:2VZD Motif mediating binding to the C-terminal calponin homology domain (CH(C)) of alpha-parvin. Possible molecular switch by binding the FAT domain targeting LD motifs of Paxillin. Can bind in an anti parallel orientation. first draft
LIG_CK1 F...F PMID:15121840 Motif in NFAT and Per reported to dock CK1 kinase. Reminiscent of the FXXF motif in the PIF pocket kinases. first draft
LIG_clathr_ClatBox_Cter L[IVLMF].[IVLMF]$ PMID:10449404 Variant clathrin box in yeast found at carboxy termini of e.g. some epsins. first draft
LIG_COPII YNNSNPF, L..LE , D.E PMID:12941276, PMID:15093828 Motifs involved in vesicle budding interactions of SNARES with COPII (subunits sec23/24). first draft
LIG_CSL [VILMF]W[VILMF]P PMID:15297877 N-terminal motif in Notch, responsible for its interaction with the CSL transcription factor in the nucleus to activate the pathway. first draft
LIG_ERCC1 D[ST]G[AG]GF PMID:17948053 Used by XPA to recruits ERCC1-XPF to nucleotide excision repair complexes first draft
LIG_FAT_Reverse L..L[LM] PMID:18078954,PDB:3B71 Motif in CD4 used to bind FAT domain of Focal Adhesion Kinase. Binds the same binding surface as the similarly hydrophobic helical LD motifs of Paxillin but has an anti parallel orientation. first draft
LIG_FERM RSLE PMID:17045809 A FERM domain binding motif in neurofascin. first draft
LIG_FF PMID:12381297, PMID:16253993 Phosphorylated and possibly other motifs bind FF domains. Notably the RNA polII CTD. first draft
LIG_LIM [IVLMF]I[IVLMF]R[IVLMF] PMID:16616188 Motif that binds some LIM domains. It is part of larger conserved induced fit module where there might be a second LM02-LIM-binding motif. first draft
LIG_MDAS_MEF2 PMID:12700764 Motif found in the interaction between the MADS box of MEF2b and Cabin1. It aquires an amphipathic alpha-helix structure upon interaction. first draft
FUN_Oxidative_stress D.ETGE PMID:16507366, PMID:16888629 Oxidative stress response motif in Nrf2 binding to Keap1 beta propeller domain. A second Nrf2 motif LxxQDxDLG may bind the same site. first draft
LIG_Chromatin_H2A-H2B M.LRSG PMID:18688256, PMID:16469929 Only 2 instances so far and the motif is completely conserved like this in both. Looking at the structures the SG (both small) is probably just there to allow the angles necessary for a hairpin Chromatin binding peptide, interacts with an acidic pocket formed by a H2A-H2B dimer. first draft
LIG_CKB_1 M.E.L.LC(ST)G.F PMID:15707391, PMID:12545175 Triple phosphorylated docking motif in Claspin that binds checkpoint kinase CHK1 first draft
LIG_KLC1 [ILMV].WD.. PMID:16760430 motif mediating binding to the tetratricopeptide repeats of KLC1 first draft
LIG_MIT_MIM1 [DE]..L..RL..L[KR] PMID:17928861, PDB:2V6Y VPS4 MIT domain binding "MIM1? motif found in a subset of ESCRT-III subunits first draft
LIG_integrin_extracell LDV PMID:19255442 Another extracellular integrin binding motif. first draft
LG_CyclophinA FGP.LP PMID:15845542 Motif proposed to bind Cyclophin A. first draft
FUN_RANK P[VILF]QE PMID:16260781 Cytoplasmic RANK motif mediating osteoclast formation, survival and function. first draft
LIG_epitope MYPPPY PMID:11418697 Epitope recognition motif present in CDC28 and conserved accross species. It is involved in the regulation of the immune response of T cells. first draft
LIG_CtBP_2 RRT..PPAL PMID:12805226 Another motif that binds to CtBP. first draft
LIG_AIM [WY]..[ILV] PMID:20083108,PDB:3dow ,PDB:2zzp ,PDB:2zjd ,PDB:2zpn Atg8-family interacting motif (AIM) found in Atg19, p62, Atg4B and Calreticulin, involved in autophagy related processes first draft
CLV_GxGD G.GD PMID:20021564 Motif that could be evolutionary conserved to allow cleavage of all possible gamma-secretase substrates. first draft
FAM_apoptotic XX...DD....D Motif found in apoptosis induction proteins: GPP synthases, Nox-a, Bad, Bid, Bik, yt-ppy-a, s81f. first draft
FAM_nucleus_transcription R..PY..P PMID:15703190 Conserved in some TBOX, ATF4/5 and some hnRNP proteins. Reported as nuclear localisation signal but the point mutants are not consistent. first draft
FUN_Aurora PMID:14752279 Double motif in TPX2 regulating Aurora kinase activity first draft
FUN_GPIanchor PMID:11814051, PMID:11677780, PMID:7482705 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol extracellular plasma membrane anchor. first draft
LIG_RhoGAP_OCRL_1 F...H..[ILVFY] PDB:PMID :21666675,PDB:3QIS F&H motif mediates binding to the RhoGAP domain of OCRL. Found in Ses1, Ses2 and APPL1. undergoing annotation
LIG_ALG2 PPYP.{1,4}YP PMID:18940611, PDB:2ZNE motif in Alix that binds to ALG-2 in a calcium-dependent manner (allosteric opening of hydrophobic pocket on ALG-2); similar sequence present in annexin A7 and A11, and in TSG101 undergoing annotation
LIG_SUMO_SBM V.[VI][VI] PMID:15388847, PMID:16524884, PMID:19812159 Motif reported to bind SUMO present in RanBP2, PML, among cothers. undergoing annotation
LIG_SPRY_SPSB [DE][IL]NNN PMID:20561531, PDB:2V24 Motif found in PAR-4/VASA mediating binding to the SPRY domain of the SPSB family of E3 ubiquitin ligases and their orthologue GUSTAVUS undergoing annotation
LIG_Wnt LT...W PMID:10990458 Motif found in Frizzled (Receptor of Wnt) and involved in the activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Mutations in the fixed positions induce the expression of the Wnt target gene siamois. undergoing annotation
MOD_HedgehogLipid PMID:9593755, PMID:11486055, PMID:11493554 Keeps Hedgehog attached to plasma membrane for short range extracellular signalling. Probably needs its own functional site and different ELM entries. undergoing annotation
DCK_phos_PKA_1 [ILMVFA][ILMVFA]..[ILMVFA]...[ILMVFA][ILMVFA]..[ILMVFA] PMID:2015946, PDB:3IM4 Large amphipathic hydrophobic docking motif for RI and RII regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA). Binds to the D/D dimerisation/docking domain. Found in most AKAP proteins. undergoing annotation
LIG_N_degron_UBR_tertiary ^[NQ] PMID:17962019 Tertiary N-degron, deamidated by N-terminal amidohydrolase. Deamidation creates the secondary destabilising N-terminal residues Asp and Glu, which in turn are arginylated (addition of an N-terminal arginine) by Arg-tRNA-tranferase to create a primary N-degron. N-degrons are N-terminal proteosomal degradation targeting motifs recognised by UBR domains of the Ubiquitin recognin (UBR) family. Several N-degrons are known, defined as primary (type 1 & type 2), secondary and tertiary. undergoing annotation
LIG_N_degron_UBR_secondary ^[DEC] PMID:17962019 Secondary N-degron, arginylated (addition of an N-terminal arginine) by Arg-tRNA-tranferase. Cysteine must first be oxidised into Cys-sulfinic acid before arginylation. Once arginylated the motif is recognised as a type1 N-degron. N-degrons are N-terminal proteosomal degradation targeting motifs recognised by UBR domains of the Ubiquitin recognin (UBR) family. Several N-degrons are known, defined as primary (type 1 & type 2), secondary and tertiary undergoing annotation
LIG_N_degron_UBR_type2 ^[FLWYI] PMID:17962019 Primary N-terminal bulky hydrophobic degron. N-degrons are N-terminal proteosomal degradation targeting motifs recognised by UBR domains of the Ubiquitin recognin (UBR) family. Several N-degrons are known, defined as primary (type 1 & type 2), secondary and tertiary. undergoing annotation
LIG_N_degron_UBR_type1 ^[RKH][^P] PMID:20835242, PMID:20835240, PDB:3NY1 , PDB:3NIT Primary N-terminal basic degron. Likes hydrophobics in second position. Lysine binds with the highest affinity (~20uM). N-degrons are N-terminal proteosomal degradation targeting motifs recognised by UBR domains of the Ubiquitin recognin (UBR) family. Several N-degrons are known, defined as primary (type 1 & type 2), secondary and tertiary. undergoing annotation
LIG_WW_Itch PP.Y....[ST][ILV] PMID:20855944 Extended WW domain binding motif necessary for binding to the 2nd WW domain of Itch. Mutations in the final hydrophobic position have been shown to reduce binding and have been implicated in both Hays-Wells syndrome and Rapp Hodgkin syndrome. undergoing annotation
LIG_PLK ..S([ST])P.. PMID:12595692, PMID:14532005 Phosphoserine site recognised by the Polo-like-kinase. undergoing annotation
LIG_WW_Fe65 PPLA PMID:18547980 Putative motif claimed for GSK3beta for binding to Fe65. This interaction is posited to regulate apoptosis and phosphorylation of Tyr 216 of GSK3beta. The sequence region is post-kinase domain but is structured. The PPLA sequence is very poorly conserved too... undergoing annotation
LIG_Centrin_XPC W..L...[IL] PMID:15964821 Motif responsible for the binding of XPC repair protein to Centrin 2. PDB structures available. undergoing annotation
LIG_GDB_WASP_1 [ILV][ILVA]..LM..[ILMV] PMID:18650806, PMID:18650809, PDB:2K42 Auto inhibitory motif in WASP and N-WASP that binds the autoinhibitory GTPase binding domain (GBD). E. coli EspF(U) also use the motif to deregulate actin assembly. proofreading
Lig_CAP-Gly_2 W[KR][ED]GCY$ PMID:21646404,PDB:3RDV C-terminal Tyr-based motif in SLAIN2 that binds the CAP-Gly motif of CLIP-170 as part of MT regulation by +TIP interaction networks. Lig_CAP-Gly_CLIP170_2 fully annotated
CLV_Caspase3-7 D..D[AGS] PMID:12107159 Caspase-3/Caspase-7 cleavage motif. fully annotated
LIG_PIKK_1 [DEN][DEN].{2,3}[ILMVA][DEN][DEN]L.{0,20}$ PMID:15758953 Docking motif for PIKK kinases family found in DNA damage proteins Nbs1, ATRIP and XRCC5. alias DCK_phos_PIKK_1 fully annotated
LIG_SCF_Cks1_1 .E.(T)P. PMID:16209941, PDB:2AST Phosphodegron in P27kip1 which must be targeted for destruction by SCF ubiquitination to allow the cell cycle progression fully annotated
LIG_SCF_SKP2 PMID:16209941 Complex phosphopeptide motif binding to the assembled dimer of Skp2 and Cks1 (SCF components), in the ubiquitin degradation process. fully annotated
LIG_HCF-1 [ED]H.Y PMID:14532282 HCF-binding motif, to bind to a six-bladed β-propeller domain at the N terminus of HCF-1 fully annotated
LIG_RB_pocket [IL]..L[YF] PMID:17974914, PMID:12598654 Binding to the E2f binding pocket between the Rb-A and Rb-B domains fully annotated
LIG_SPAK-OSR1 RF.V PMID:17721439 Docking motif in substrates of OSR1 and SPAK kinases that binds to the CCT domain. fully annotated
LIG_Integrin_isoDGR NGR PMID:18480047 Integrin aVB3 binding motif in the 5th type I repeat of fibronectin. Aspargine deamidation at an NGR peptide generates the functional isoDGR binding motifs. Binds with comparable affinity to the canonical RGD peptide that binds the same site. fully annotated
LIG_eIF4E_2 Y.PP.[ILMV]R PMID:17667941 Mediates binding to the dorsal surface of eIF4E. Found in DDX3, eIF-3G and eIF-2A fully annotated
LIG_eIF4E_1 Y....L[VILMF] PMID:16739988 Motif present in some interacting partners of eIF4E. fully annotated
LIG_Actin_WH2_1 [ILMV][ILMV]..I.{4,7}L[KR][KR][ILMVT] PMID:11911886,PDB:2A3Z ,PDB:2A40 ,PDB:2A41 ,PDB:2D1K ,PDB:2VCP ,PDB:3MN5 ,PDB:3MN7 Long actin binding motif, probably too large to be defined as an ELM but if we put LIG_Actin_RPEL_1 in then this will also be entered. fully annotated
LIG_Actin_RPEL_1 L..[KR][IL]..R[PQ]...[ED]L..[RK].[ILMV][ILMV] PMID:19008859,PDB:2V52 Bipartite helical motif mediating binding to the subdomain 1-3 hydrophobic cleft and a ledge on subdomain 3 of G-actin. Probably to large to be defined as an ELM but may be seen as a bipartite motif with possible unknown monopartite motif-containing binding partners binding one of the two interfaces. fully annotated
LIG_PIF F..F or F..F([ST]) PMID:15003271 Binding motif in PDK1, PKA, PKG, PKC etc. AGC kinase pockets, usually in cis, except in PDK1 where there it is a trans docking motif. fully annotated
FAM_TypeIII W...E PMID:16413475 Motif present in signalling effectors used by pathogens to mimic activated Ras-like cellular GTPases. no linear motif: Motif resides (in all checked instances) in a globular region (helix). not annotatable
LIG_HIV1-GP41 H..NPF PMID:16904109 HIV-1 gp41 core-binding motif. deleted
CLV_C14_Caspase-8-10 [^RK][EDQ].D PMID:1221285 PMID:1236692 PMID:19694615 PMID:10964557 PMID:10508785 Caspase-8 and -10 are the initiator caspase in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and cleaves executor caspases. Motif suggestion is based on in vitro data. Optimal described sequence is LETD. For protein substrate see MEROPS or CutDB No in vitro data for caspase-10 but cleavage motif LEXD in literature is described. deleted
LIG_CD40 EQLKKSKTL PMID:21998326 Linear peptide in an exposed loop mediates interaction between CD40L and Mac-1 might be too specific paper not freely accessible deleted
LIG_PTB_splicing [SG][IL]LG..P PMID:16936729 Motif essential for splicing repressor activity found in cofactors of the PTB regulatory splicing repressor (Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein). deleted
LIG_WW_Fe65 PPLA PMID:18547980 Motif of GSK3beta that binds to Fe65. This interaction regulates apoptosis and phosphorylation of Tyr 216 of GSK3beta. description updated deleted